Ethical Standards
The journal operates under clear ethical and transparency principles that apply to authors, reviewers and editors.
Editorial Integrity
The journal is committed to transparency, academic integrity, editorial independence and ethical publishing practices.
Reviewer Responsibilities
Reviewers must provide objective, constructive, confidential and timely evaluations.
Conflict of Interest
Authors, reviewers and editors must disclose any potential conflicts of interest.
Plagiarism
All submissions may be screened for plagiarism. Manuscripts containing plagiarism, fabricated data, manipulated results or unethical practices may be declined.
AI Use Policy
Authors must disclose the use of AI-assisted tools in manuscript preparation, coding, data analysis, editing, translation or image generation. AI tools cannot be listed as authors. Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality and integrity of the submitted work.
Corrections and Retractions
The journal may issue corrections, expressions of concern or retractions where necessary to preserve the integrity of the scholarly record.
No Misleading Metrics
The journal does not claim impact factor, indexing, Scopus coverage, Web of Science coverage, PubMed coverage or DOAJ inclusion unless such status is officially obtained.